Accumulation systems

Characteristics of energy storage systems

Energy storage systems mainly consist of batteries that store the electricity generated by photovoltaic panels. Below are their key characteristics:

• Storage capacity: Measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), storage capacity determines how much energy can be stored and used. The ideal capacity depends on the user's energy needs.
• Battery lifespan: The lifespan of a battery depends on the number of charge and discharge cycles it can endure before losing capacity. Lithium batteries, for example, have a longer lifespan compared to other technologies.
• Efficiency: The efficiency of a storage system refers to the amount of energy that can be effectively used compared to what is stored. Higher efficiency reduces energy losses.
• Safety: Storage systems must be designed and installed to ensure maximum safety, minimizing the risk of fires and failures.

Types of batteries used in storage systems

• Lithium batteries: The most common in modern storage systems, thanks to their high energy density, long lifespan, and efficiency. However, they are also more expensive than other options.
• Lead-acid batteries: A cheaper alternative to lithium batteries, but with a shorter lifespan and lower efficiency. They are still used in many off-grid systems.
• Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries: Offer good durability and resistance to high temperatures but contain toxic materials, requiring special disposal procedures.
• Sodium-ion batteries: An emerging technology that promises lower costs and greater availability of raw materials compared to lithium batteries.

Benefits of energy storage systems

• Energy independence: Storage systems allow users to rely on stored solar energy, reducing dependence on the electrical grid and increasing self-sufficiency.
• Lower energy costs: Stored energy can be used during peak demand hours, when electricity rates are higher, helping to reduce electricity bills.
• Grid stability: Energy storage helps stabilize the electrical grid, reducing demand peaks and preventing overloads.
• Optimal use of solar energy: Maximizes the self-consumption of the energy produced by solar panels, avoiding excess energy waste or selling it at lower rates.

How energy storage systems work

1. Energy collection and storage: During the day, solar panels generate electricity, which can be used immediately or stored in batteries.
2. Energy distribution: When solar production is insufficient (e.g., at night), the stored energy is released to power the building.
3. Grid integration: In many systems, stored energy can be used as a backup power source during grid outages, ensuring a continuous power supply.
4. Monitoring and management: Energy management systems (EMS) monitor and optimize energy flow between solar panels, batteries, and the electrical grid, ensuring efficient energy use.